When the United States entered World War I in 1917, its military was ill-prepared and lacked a sufficient number of rifles. The primary American rifle, the M1903 Springfield, was unable to meet the production demands. In response, the U.S. government sought an alternative solution and turned to the British for assistance. The British Enfield Pattern 1914, chambered in .303 British, emerged as a suitable choice. With minor modifications, such as changing the caliber to the standard American .30-06, the Enfield became the M1917 Enfield for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).

The M1917 Enfield possessed several notable features that contributed to its success. It had a Mauser-style action with a cock-on-opening design, which allowed for faster cycling and more reliable extraction. The rifle featured a five-round internal magazine, fed by stripper clips, and a sturdy bolt that ensured smooth operation even in harsh conditions. One of the rifle's key strengths was its exceptional accuracy. The M1917 Enfield boasted a long, heavy barrel that enhanced bullet stability and muzzle velocity, resulting in improved long-range shooting. The rifle's adaptability was further demonstrated by its ability to mount a bayonet and other accessories, turning it into a versatile tool for close-quarters combat. Moreover, the M1917 Enfield was later modified to accept a Pedersen Device, which allowed it to fire .30 caliber pistol cartridges semi-automatically.